Calculate mining profitability from hardware specs, electricity cost, and current Bitcoin price.
Enter your hash rate, power draw, electricity rate, and pool fee. The calculator returns daily, monthly, and yearly profit, the break-even coin price at your setup, and an optional break-even horizon if you add hardware cost. Supports Bitcoin (SHA-256), Litecoin (Scrypt), Monero (RandomX), and Ethereum Classic (Ethash).
Run the calculation
Enter your mining hardware specs, electricity cost, and pool fee. The calculator estimates daily, monthly, and yearly profit based on current price data from CryptoCompare. Your inputs save locally in your browser.
How Bitcoin mining profitability works
Bitcoin mining profitability comes down to four variables: hash rate, power draw, electricity cost, and the current Bitcoin price. Everything else, including pool structure, hardware pricing, and location, flows from those inputs. Understanding the math helps set realistic expectations.
Revenue side. The Bitcoin network produces roughly 450 new BTC per day at the current block subsidy of 3.125 BTC every ten minutes, plus a variable amount of transaction fees. Your daily share of that emission equals your hash rate divided by the total network hash rate. At a network hash rate near 700 exahashes per second, a modern 200 TH/s ASIC captures a vanishingly small fraction of the total, but multiplied by the full daily reward it still produces a meaningful dollar figure at current prices.
Cost side. Electricity cost is computed from power draw and local rate. A 3,500 watt ASIC running 24 hours per day uses 84 kilowatt hours daily. At 0.05 dollars per kWh that is 4.20 dollars of electricity. At 0.12 dollars per kWh it is 10.08 dollars. The difference between these two scenarios is often the difference between a profitable operation and an unprofitable one.
Pool fees take a further slice of revenue, typically 1 to 3 percent. What remains after electricity and pool fees is your daily profit. Over time, accumulated profit needs to exceed the hardware purchase price for the rig to actually pay back. If Bitcoin price falls or network hash rate rises faster than expected, the payback horizon stretches out and can exceed the useful life of the equipment.
The calculator above computes all of this automatically, pulls the current Bitcoin price from CryptoCompare, and also shows the price threshold at which mining becomes unprofitable for your specific setup. That threshold is the single most important number for understanding the risk profile of a mining operation.
Popular ASIC miners 2026
Current generation Bitcoin mining hardware. The efficiency figure (joules per terahash) is the single best metric for comparing machines because it combines hash rate and power draw into one number. Lower is better. Anything above 30 J/TH is effectively obsolete at residential electricity rates.
| Model | Hash rate | Power draw | Efficiency | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Antminer S21 | 200 TH/s | 3,500 W | 17.5 J/TH | Bitmain |
| Whatsminer M60 S | 186 TH/s | 3,441 W | 18.5 J/TH | MicroBT |
| Avalon A1566 | 185 TH/s | 3,400 W | 18.4 J/TH | Canaan |
| Antminer S21 Pro | 234 TH/s | 3,510 W | 15.0 J/TH | Bitmain |
| Antminer S19 XP | 141 TH/s | 3,010 W | 21.5 J/TH | Bitmain |
| Antminer S19 Pro | 110 TH/s | 3,250 W | 29.5 J/TH | Bitmain |
| Whatsminer M50 | 114 TH/s | 3,306 W | 29.0 J/TH | MicroBT |
Retail prices vary widely by supply and shipping region. New generation flagship units routinely sell for 3,000 to 6,000 dollars. Used previous generation units can be had for 500 to 1,500 dollars but come with remaining useful life and warranty concerns. For serious operators, ordering direct from manufacturer (Bitmain, MicroBT, Canaan) or through major resellers is the standard path.
Electricity costs by country
Approximate industrial electricity rates in major mining jurisdictions. Residential rates are typically higher. Large scale miners often negotiate directly with utilities or co-locate at dedicated mining data centers for rates well below the public tariff.
| Country | Approximate industrial rate | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Iceland | $0.04 | Abundant geothermal and hydro. Popular for large scale mining. |
| Paraguay | $0.05 | Surplus hydroelectric power from Itaipu Dam. |
| Norway | $0.05 | Hydroelectric dominated grid. Cold climate helps cooling. |
| Kazakhstan | $0.07 | Cheap coal and gas. Grid capacity has been a concern. |
| Canada | $0.07 | Strong hydro in Quebec and British Columbia. |
| China | $0.08 | Varies widely by region. Sichuan has cheap seasonal hydro. |
| Russia | $0.06 | Cheap gas. Siberia and Irkutsk are mining hubs. |
| United States | $0.12 | National average. Texas can be under $0.05 during off peak. |
| Japan | $0.22 | High electricity costs generally rule out profitable mining. |
| United Kingdom | $0.28 | Residential rates especially high. Industrial cheaper. |
| Germany | $0.35 | Among the highest in the developed world. |
A rough rule of thumb: below 0.07 dollars per kWh, profitable mining is realistic at most BTC prices above 30,000 dollars. Between 0.07 and 0.10, margins depend strongly on hardware efficiency and BTC price. Above 0.12, only the most efficient current generation hardware breaks even at recent market prices, and the operation is highly sensitive to price drops.
Best mining pools
The largest Bitcoin mining pools by share of network hash rate. Fee structures, payout methods, and minimum payouts vary. Switching pools is straightforward. Consider reliability, payout cadence, and any regulatory or jurisdictional concerns before picking.
- Foundry USA. Largest pool by hash rate as of the most recent data. US based, corporate parent under the Digital Currency Group umbrella. Commonly used by North American industrial miners.
- Antpool. Operated by Bitmain, the dominant ASIC manufacturer. Consistently among the top three pools globally. Pay-per-share plus (PPS+) payout structure is standard.
- F2Pool. One of the oldest operating pools, based originally in China. Broad support for many PoW coins beyond Bitcoin, which makes it popular with diversified mining operations.
- ViaBTC. Mid-size pool with a strong reputation for transparency and customer support. Popular with small and mid-size miners who want active help rather than a pure commodity service.
- Binance Pool. Operated by Binance, integrated tightly with the exchange side for seamless payouts. Competitive fee structure.
- Poolin. Long-standing pool based in China. Has experienced some turbulence in recent years but remains a meaningful share of network hash rate.
When mining is profitable
Mining is profitable when the combination of your hardware efficiency, your electricity rate, and the current Bitcoin price produce revenue that exceeds running costs with enough margin to eventually recover hardware cost. Each piece of that sentence matters independently.
Efficiency sets the floor. A machine at 17 J/TH consumes roughly half the electricity of a machine at 34 J/TH for the same hash rate, which translates directly into lower operating cost. Hardware purchased in the last two years tends to be efficient enough to work. Equipment older than that is typically noncompetitive at commercial electricity rates.
Electricity is the swing variable. Two identical rigs running in Texas at 0.04 dollars per kWh and in Germany at 0.35 dollars per kWh produce completely different outcomes even though their Bitcoin output is the same. Low cost electricity is the moat that professional mining operations build around themselves.
Bitcoin price matters, but on the margin rather than at the core. Within a typical trading range, a 20 percent move in price translates to a similar swing in margin, not a complete change in viability. Operations designed for 30,000 dollar Bitcoin do not suddenly become unviable at 25,000. Those that only work at 60,000 or higher never had a durable business model in the first place.
Mining versus staking versus buying
Three broad ways to gain exposure to proof of stake or proof of work networks, each with very different risk and return profiles.
Mining is an active business. You commit capital to hardware and electricity in exchange for ongoing cash flow denominated in the asset being mined. Returns come from operating margin over the useful life of the equipment, typically three to five years, plus any residual resale value. Risk is dominated by the path of coin price, electricity cost, and difficulty. Done well, it produces meaningful returns. Done poorly, it produces fast losses. Our mining calculator models this path.
Staking is a passive yield on capital already held in the native asset. No hardware, no electricity. The return comes as additional tokens rather than dollars, and it generally runs 2 to 15 percent depending on the coin. Staking exposes capital to the full price risk of the underlying. See our staking calculator for estimates across major coins.
Buying and holding is the simplest form of exposure. No operating complexity, no yield, just direct exposure to price. For most retail participants, simply buying Bitcoin (ideally through dollar-cost averaging, see our DCA calculator) has historically outperformed the mining path after accounting for time, electricity, hardware depreciation, and operational hassle. Mining outperforms buying primarily when the operator has an edge, typically cheap electricity, stable hosting, or deep operational expertise.
A cloud mining warning
Retail cloud mining services have a long history of producing worse outcomes for buyers than simply holding the underlying coin. The structure is straightforward: the provider sells you a fixed amount of hash rate for a fixed price and charges ongoing maintenance fees. In most contracts, the provider collects its fee whether or not mining is actually profitable. When difficulty rises or price falls, the provider stays paid and the customer absorbs the loss.
Cumulative performance data from widely available cloud mining contracts over the past decade shows that a large share of contracts paid out less than the buyer could have obtained by simply buying the coin directly at the time of contract purchase. That is before considering that some contracts were outright scams that stopped paying entirely.
If you are serious about hash rate exposure without running your own hardware, the alternative is colocation or hosting at a professional data center. You own the hardware, the operator provides power and connectivity for a fee, and you keep the upside. This is structurally different from retail cloud mining and is how most real mining capacity is deployed. The economics require enough scale (typically at least 50 to 100 machines) to justify the overhead.
For everyone else, buying the coin directly, optionally combined with dollar-cost averaging, is a simpler and historically better performing alternative to retail cloud mining.
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Frequently asked questions
How do you calculate Bitcoin mining profitability?
Daily revenue equals your share of the network (your hash rate divided by total network hash rate) multiplied by daily block rewards and fees, then multiplied by the current Bitcoin price. From that, you subtract daily electricity cost (watts divided by 1000, times 24 hours, times your electricity rate) and the pool fee. What remains is daily profit. Over time, accumulated profit must exceed hardware cost for the rig to pay back.
What is a good hash rate for Bitcoin mining?
For profitable home or small scale mining in 2026, you need an ASIC producing at least 100 TH/s with efficiency below 25 joules per terahash. Older S19 models at 95 TH/s and 34 J/TH struggle to break even in most jurisdictions. Current generation S21 and M60 class units at 200 TH/s and 17 to 20 J/TH are the practical entry point. Below that, the electricity drag makes the economics unworkable unless your power is effectively free.
How much does electricity cost matter?
Electricity is the single largest ongoing cost in Bitcoin mining and the primary determinant of profitability. A rig that is profitable at 0.05 dollars per kilowatt hour can be deeply unprofitable at 0.12 dollars. Every penny increase in the power rate shifts the break-even Bitcoin price upward by a material amount. The calculator above computes the price threshold at which mining becomes unprofitable for your specific rig and power cost.
What is the break-even Bitcoin price?
The break-even price is the Bitcoin price at which daily revenue exactly matches daily electricity and pool fees. Below that level, the rig loses money. For a modern ASIC at 200 TH/s and 3,500 watts, break-even typically sits between 25,000 and 55,000 dollars depending on electricity rate. The current market price provides the margin of safety. Miners with low electricity cost have a much lower break-even and survive cycle troughs that eliminate higher cost operations.
Should I join a mining pool?
For almost everyone, yes. Solo mining a block with a single ASIC is essentially playing the lottery. A pool averages many miners together and pays each participant their proportional share of rewards, producing steady daily income rather than highly variable payouts. Pool fees are typically 1 to 3 percent. The tradeoff is a small fee in exchange for dramatically lower variance.
How much can you earn mining Bitcoin today?
It depends entirely on hash rate, efficiency, electricity cost, and Bitcoin price. A single Antminer S21 (200 TH/s, 3,500 W) at 0.05 dollars per kWh might produce 5 to 15 dollars per day of net profit at current BTC prices. At 0.12 dollars per kWh, the same rig often shows a loss. Scale changes the picture but not the underlying unit economics. Run your own numbers in the calculator above before buying hardware.
Is cloud mining legitimate?
Most retail cloud mining services have historically been scams or structurally unprofitable for buyers. The contracts typically guarantee the provider a fixed fee while the buyer bears all price and difficulty risk. After-fee returns rarely match what the same capital could earn by simply buying Bitcoin directly. A small number of institutional operators offer colocation at data centers, which is a different model and often works, but that is not what most retail cloud mining products are.
What happens to Bitcoin mining after the next halving?
In April 2028, the block subsidy drops from 3.125 BTC to 1.5625 BTC per block. Miner revenue from block subsidies is cut in half overnight. Unless Bitcoin price or transaction fees rise to compensate, a large share of less efficient miners will become unprofitable and shut down. The difficulty adjustment mechanism then reduces how hard it is to find blocks, raising profit for the surviving miners. Each halving cycle has produced a wave of consolidation, and the next one is expected to follow the same pattern. See our halving countdown for the live timer.
Related reading
For ongoing coverage of mining economics, hardware releases, and difficulty adjustments, see our Bitcoin news archive and market analysis desk. The halving countdown tracks the next major event that changes mining economics. For daily coverage of the stories that move hash rate and mining margins, subscribe to the free newsletter.
